新示范法共同体中的自然人仲裁员

The Natural Person Arbitrator in the New Model Law Community

Natural persons are people who can do things from their capacity in civil law. Arbitrators are natural persons, and legal persons are not yet legally recognized as arbitrators.

自然人指在民法上具有民事权利能力的人。仲裁员是自然人，法律尚不承认法人仲裁员。

Under the WTO rules, there are four methods of trade in services. Cross-border services, like banking and architectural services through emails or other electronic transmissions; consumption based services such as travelers to obtain services in another country; commercial presence denoting a setting up of a commercial vehicle to provide services in another country; and presence of natural persons meaning natural persons to provide services in another country (such as accountants, professors, lawyers and arbitrators etc.). 

世界贸易组织规则规定了四种服务贸易形式。跨境服务，如通过电子邮件或其他电子传输方式开展的银行和建筑服务；消费服务，如游客在另一国家获得的服务；商业存在，指在另一国家设立商业载体提供服务；以及自然人存在，指自然人在另一国家提供服务（如会计师、教授、律师和仲裁员等）。

Accordingly, arbitrations provided by arbitrators in another country are part and parcel of WTO trade in services. This understanding is important for developing countries to open their market to international arbitrators who conduct arbitration proceedings and render arbitration services in these countries. China is no exception. 

因此，由另一国家的仲裁员提供的仲裁服务是世界贸易组织所规定的服务贸易的重要组成部分。这样的理解将促进发展中国家向国际仲裁员开放市场，让其主持仲裁程序并提供仲裁服务。中国也不例外。

In the Chinese context, foreign nationals are permitted to join the list of arbitrators maintained by Chinese arbitration institutions and conduct arbitrations in China many years ago. CIETAC started to permit foreign nationals to be enlisted as arbitrators from 1988. 

中国多年前就已允许外国公民加入中国仲裁机构的仲裁员名册，并在中国进行仲裁。中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（CIETAC）自1988年起允许外国公民担任仲裁员。

The new Draft Arbitration Law now has provisions permitting foreign nationals as arbitrators to conduct ad hoc arbitrations in China in relation to foreign related disputes. 

《仲裁法（修订）（征求意见稿）》（以下简称“《征求意见稿》”）现有条款允许外国公民作为仲裁员在中国开展与涉外纠纷有关的临时仲裁。

This means that in the future in both institutional arbitration and ad hoc arbitration, foreign natural persons will be able to conduct arbitrations as arbitrators in China in the foreign related matters. 

这表明今后无论机构仲裁还是临时仲裁，外国自然人都可在中国以仲裁员身份进行涉外纠纷的仲裁。

On September 24, 2021, CAAL and Linli Law organized a LELC workshop on natural person arbitrators in the new Model Law arbitration community. Dr. Chen Jian, DSG of CAAL opened the workshop noting that number of professionals including lawyers, arbitrators and related practitioners in the field related to arbitration has exceeded a million. 

2021年9月24日，中国仲裁法学研究会和北京霖理律师事务所组织了题为“新示范法仲裁共同体中的自然人仲裁员”的中英双语研讨会。中国仲裁法学研究会副秘书长陈建博士在研讨会开场词中指出，目前包括律师、仲裁员和相关从业人员在内的与仲裁有关的专业人员数量已经超过100万。

A number of students, professors, practicing lawyers and arbitrators spoke on various topics including qualification of arbitrators, appointment procedures in ordinary and expedited procedures, duty of arbitrators and limitation of liability, remuneration of arbitrators, independence and impartiality of arbitrators, arbitrator’s procedural decision-making authority (including interim measures), challenge of arbitrators, and arbitrator’s substantive authority. 

多位学生、教授、执业律师和仲裁员就各项议题发言，包括仲裁员资格、普通程序和快速程序中仲裁员的任命程序、仲裁员的职责和责任限制、仲裁员报酬、仲裁员的独立性和公正性、仲裁员的程序性决策权（包括临时措施）、对仲裁员的回避申请以及仲裁员的实体裁断权力。

Ms. Wang Wenqian, a MTI Master Student of UIBE, researched and spoke on the qualitification of arbitrators. Ms. Ye Yifei, a sophomore law student from Southwest University of Political Science and Law presented research findings regarding remuneration of arbitrators. Ms Qiu Chenxi, a Juris Master in International Economic Law of UCASS, researched and spoke on the topic of challenge of arbitrators with case studies. 

对外经济经贸大学MTI硕士研究生王文倩同学就仲裁员的资格问题进行了研究和发言。西南政法大学法学专业二年级本科生叶矣菲同学讲解了关于仲裁员报酬的研究结果。中国社会科学院大学国际经济法硕士研究生邱琛茜同学就“对仲裁员的回避申请”这一主题开展了研究并结合案例进行发言。

Lawyers, arbitrators and practitioners from the legal profession, including Mr. Xing Xiusong from Global Law Office, Dr. Zhang Libin from ENN Group, Dr. David Fu from Institute of International Law of CASS, Dr. Kang Ming from Fangda Partners, Mr. Dennis Cai from Dot Trademark, Mr. Edward Chow from Gary Soo’s Chambers, Hong Kong, Ms. Cui Hailin from Baker McKenzie Fengxun, Mr. Gao Liang from Gao Peng & Partners, and Dr. Jerry Zhang from Linli Law, spoke and commented on the various topics of current arbitration interest. 

来自法律界的律师、仲裁员和从业人员就当前仲裁界关注的各类话题进行了发言和评论，包括环球律师事务所的刑修松先生、新奥集团的张利宾博士、中国社会科学院国际法研究所的傅攀峰博士、方达律师事务所的康明博士、点商标的蔡伟平先生、香港苏国良大律师办事处的周立新大律师、奋迅·贝克麦坚时律师事务所的崔海琳女士、高朋律师事务所的高梁先生和北京霖理律师事务所的张玉林博士。

Dr. Zhang Libin made comments and concluded the workshop with some highlights of international arbitration in the US, noting the importance of ethical rules and professional guidance expected from the arbitration community across borders. 

张利宾博士在研讨会评论并在结束致辞中介绍了美国国际仲裁的亮点，指出了国际仲裁共同体所期望的道德准则和专业指引的重要性。

While the new Draft Arbitration Law has, in substance, adopted most of the principles under the UNCITRAL Model Law, marking China arguably a Model Law country, it is certainly preferred that the Model Law could be adopted as the rules governing the chapter for international arbitration, which will no doubt make China a Model Law country to join the larger friend circle of 118 legal jurisdictions that have adopted the Model Law. 

虽然《征求意见稿》实质上采纳了《联合国国际贸易法委员会国际商事仲裁示范法》（以下简称“《示范法》”）的大部分原则，这标志着中国实际上也可被称为示范法国家。但是如果中国能够直接采纳《示范法》来作为国内仲裁法国际仲裁一章的规则，那么中国将毋庸置疑成为示范法国家，并将加入到118个采用《示范法》的司法辖区的大家庭中。

This move will make China shoulder no more responsibility to uphold arbitrations taking place in other jurisdictions under the New York Convention (because arbitration awards rendered in other countries now and in the future will continue to be subject to the New York Convention), but will shoulder more responsibility for international arbitration taking place within China. The Model Law provides a concept of “international arbitration”, which has a scope of coverage larger than “foreign related” concept. As such, more foreign parties from Model Law countries will be more likely be willing and prepared to consider arbitration in China as China is a Model Law country. Likewise, more sophisticated Chinese parties may be well prepared to select overseas places for their international arbitration. It is mutually beneficial as part of the growth of trade in services. The move to adopt the Model Law will assist China to become a ready to go destination country for choices from parties among other Model Law countries. 

此举不会让中国在执行外国仲裁裁决方面承担更多的责任（因为现在和将来在外国作出的仲裁裁决到中国执行将继续适用《纽约公约》），但中国将为在中国境内进行的国际仲裁承担更多的责任。《示范法》提供了“国际仲裁”的概念，其范围大于“涉外仲裁”的概念。因此，由于中国是《示范法》国家，更多来自《示范法》国家的外国当事人将更可能愿意并考虑在中国进行仲裁。同样，也可能会有更多的中国当事人做好充分准备，选择国外仲裁地进行国际仲裁。仲裁是服务贸易增长的一部分，此举可实现国内外双方互利共赢。采用《示范法》将帮助中国成为其他《示范法》国家当事人随时可以选择的目的地国家。

The workshop noted that the next interesting topic will likely be “arbitration in China”, the challenges ahead for parties’ choices in international arbitration. 

研讨会上指出，“在中国仲裁”可能作为下一个有趣的话题，这是当事人在国际仲裁中作出选择时将面临的挑战。